•  Civilization story in  Egypt

In the ancient Egyptians history, there were some times of glory which left a great staff of monuments to tell about their talents and skills in building and architecture.

During this long history, there were some brilliant periods  such the old kingdom, middle kingdom and the new kingdom .

From the old kingdom (3200 -2180 b.c) dynasties 1 to 6 , we got the greatest of all the achievements in the world which are the pyramids of Giza west of Cairo .

Talking about the secrets of the pyramids isn’t ending, not only because of the way they built or the huge construction which is considered one of the seven wonders of the world but for the different elements in the building which about 14 elements includes 5 rooms could be more hidden and the funeral temple, the subway to the pyramid, the small pyramids of the queens, the port they used to transfer the stones through it and was connected to the nile as well every pyramid was connected with a canal to the nile.

We have in Egypt 114 pyramids between small and big ,some of them for kings and some others for queens.

Every year nearly ,some new discoveries are cleared ,and all the new ones tell more about how was the way they were built by and who were the workers who achieved that great work.

In the second glory period which is the middle kingdom, dynasties 11th and 12th about 2000 b.c Egypt got flourished again, we still have some tombs from this period and some remains for a temple in west of luxor beside Hatshepsut temple, the open courtyard in el karnak temple, and the nobles tombs in aswan all can tell about a great time in the  history of the Egyptians .

The new kingdom (1550 -1050 b.c).

Dynasties 18th, 19th and 20 .

The glory of this time became so clear by the 18th dynasty, which started by kicking the Hyksos out of Egypt (they were ruling the delta north of Egypt for a long time) .

The Egyptians army led by king Seknnera and his two sons king Kamous and king Ahmos succeeded to push them out of Egypt.

Later by king Tutmosis 3rd ,Egypt became a big empire could occupy most of Asia and Africa, so the construction and building was flourished again in all of Egypt and many temples were built and restored at this time ,so we find karnak temple got bigger and greater, luxor temple became a piece of art ,kings valley which has very unique designs and decorations in side its tombs full of scenes either for afterlife or offering gifts and sacrifices to the gods and goddesses. More than that we still can see colors in many tombs like king Tutankhamun ,or Hormoheb.

After this great dynasty, the pharaos of the 19th and 20th continued in the same line of doing perfect temples and tombs especially in tombs like Ramses 1st,2nd ,3rd ,4th,6th ,9th ,and king Merenptah,they are some of the best in the valley.

Habu temple is an early citadel temple was erected by Rameses 3rd, 20th dynasty ,which is considered one of the best in all over the world .

Luxor got many others, and got majority of these glory signs because it was the capital for these great pharaohs and was known by thebes .

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Since the beginning of the early civilization on the nile, Egypt started to produce objects carried a big touch of fine arts and continued to be developed from one period to another.

Mud bricks

Buildings houses was the main product to release and takes a shape of created design depended on the location from the Nile and how it should be strong enough to avoid the flood danger, so it was higher than the water level away little bit from the bank of the river usually built out of sun dried nile mud bricks which were easier to be made and carried than the stones using wooden mould to form the shape and the size of the bricks which have been used so far until now in many villages in Egypt.

These houses were painted usually in white and decorated with some other colors

Wooden’s works

Wooden’s have raised very early as this material was always found near to the Egyptians who lived in the nile valley and was easier to be used in their works than hard staff.

Knowing the metal such copper has helped a lot to form finer woodworks as they used axes to cut the trees and split its pieces plus the saws .

More than making house equipments out of wood ,they used to make interior coffins out of wood to bury the deceased then putting it in another stone made sarcophagus to guarantee more protection.

Other works

Stone objects

Been known from the mankind foundation but the early Egyptians people made a civilization out of the stones , the pyramids and the temples are a great witness for that, while some people were working in cutting and buildings hard stones ,there were others make fine hand made jars and vases to use them home or in temples or even to fill them with afterlife food and drinks inside the afterlife house (the tomb) .

Alabaster stone has taken a great reputation to make nice objects out of it with its green ,brown and white colors even this industry still running in the west bank of luxor as the main job for the Qurna village people.

Ivory made objects

 has been used so early depended on hippopotamus bones and African elephants

Some objects like furniture pieces such as beds ,seats ,throne of the pharao  were usually decorated with it .

As well cooking staff like handles of knives, spoons and others were discovered from early dynastic period .

Weaving.

One of the early hand made works that the ancient Egyptians has known .

It depended on the natural plants which grew upon the river banks while nile linen was a great discovery to make clothes out if it so they had made many fragments carried a high skill and been found in a good case in many tombs.

Also animal skin been used to made woven dresses such leopards, sheeps .

These and many other handmade works were so famous in ancient Egypt were reasons for building a great civilization with the men and the women cooperation .

Many of it still flourishing in cairo ,luxor and aswan

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In the history of the ancient Egyptians ,there are some people shall always stay very remarkably and also full of mystery

This  pharaoh king Akhenaten is one of those who had  many secrets in his lifetime

He ruled in the 18th dynasty  of the pharaos royal families for about 17 years between ( 1353 -1336 b.c )

He got the throne after his father king amonhoteb 3rd, he started his reign with the name of Amonhoteb the 4th which means Amon is satisfied

But soon he changed it to be Akhenaten (glory of aton) because he started to believe in god aton which was represented by the rays of the sun come down with key of the life ankh

He said that his god never imaged as a man or an animal as many other were represented befor like that.

Such this idea of believing in a different god than Amon was so brave and  needed  a great courage from the pharaoh, because the big power and influences of Amon priests in ancient thebes ( luxor nowadays)

They started a big revolution against the pharaoh and his followers, so he preferred to close the door of the civil war and gave his people a peaceful life when he decided to have a new capital for Egypt in the middle of Egypt as a town was called akhitaten which means  horizon of aton known nowadays by Tell el amarna by  El minia governorate became the capital where he lived until death with his family and all of those who believed in his god

The king had 6 daughters out of his marriage to his beautiful wife Nefertiti, while his syrian second wife princess Kya got   him his only son the well known king Tutankhamun

There is another side in his life still full of mystery i mean his figure on the walls of his temples when he represented him self in a huge body with some female features ,we are still confused about the reason behind that .

The art of his time became very unique and remarkable known by realism art

We may haven’t a lot of his achievements remains ,but what we have are some amazing things either in Ramosa  (the city monarch) tomb in nobles valley  or in karnak temple by luxor town ,all got his figures  while he stands with a long neck, and soft belly, long arms and heavy thighs, with his wife and some of his daughters

We can tell a lot about him ,but you can know more if you come to the mother of land..Egypt .